apocope - definition and examples of apocope in English

apocope - definition and instances of apocope in English Apocope is aâ rhetorical term for the exclusion of at least one sounds or syllables from the finish of a word. Likewise called end-cut, apocope is a sort of elision. Historical background: From the Greek, to cut off Models and Observations In numerous poor neighborhoods, the Sandinista Front has more road cred than the nearby youth gang.(Tim Rogers, Even Gangsters Need Their Mamas. Time magazine, Aug. 24, 2007)Season your adoration for some time with an attent ear.(William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act I, scene 2)Loss of sounds from the finish of a word is known as apocope, as in the way to express kid as chile.(Thomas Pyles and John Algeo, The Origins and Development of the English Language. Harcourt, 1982)After he left the city, a huge number of individuals toasted him with lager at a barbie, an Australian barbecue.(Pope in Australia, The New York Times, Dec. 1, 1986)Newspapers have their own style and it is significant that your element matches it. For example, it would be silly composing an element for a sullen week after week in the style of something increasingly reasonable for a fellows mag.(Susan Pape and Sue Featherstone, Feature Writing: A Practical Introduction. Savvy, 2000) New Words and Names Many English words have come about because of apocope, among them film (from cinematograph) and photograph (from photo). Names frequently experience apocope (e.g., Barb, Ben, Deb, Steph, Theo, Vince).(Bryan Garner, Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009) Lost Vowels Apocope is a procedure that erases word-last sections, including unstressed (decreased) vowels. In Middle English, numerous words, for example, sweet, root, and so forth were articulated with a last [e], yet when of current English, these last diminished vowels had been lost. We despite everything see indications of last diminished vowels in the age-old spelling of words like olde.(Mary Louise Edwards and Lawrence D. Shriberg, Phonology: Applications in Communicative Disorders. School Hill Press, 1983)Oliver Sacks on His Favorite WordOne of my preferred words is apocopeI use it (for instance) in A Surgeons Life: . . . the finish of the word excluded by a prudent apocope (Anthropologist on Mars, Vintage, p. 94).I love its sound, its instability (as do a portion of my Tourettic friendsfor when it turns into a four-syllable verbal spasm, which can be impeded or imploded into a tenth of a second), and the way that it packs four vowels and four syllables into a simple seven letters.(Olive r Sacks, cited by Lewis Burke Frumkes in Favorite Words of Famous People. Marion Street Press, 2011) Articulation: eh-PAHK-eh-pee

Social Psychology paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Psychology paper - Essay Example This makes this hypothesis material just to higher warm blooded animals, including individuals. The hypothesis is particularly useful in understanding the center procedures of ordinary human associations. State, a supervisor ventures out on a brief siesta with a female partner; this is an ordinary situation that falls inside the application scope of Causal Attribution hypothesis. For this situation, the manager orders nourishment for his associate while not being insightful of her food hypersensitivities. Causal Attribution hypothesis will assist us with responding to such inquiries as â€Å"How much causal duty would we be able to dole out to the chief, for this obvious mistake†? and so forth. The hypothesis is likewise valuable in controlling degrees of torment or satisfaction. Since the subjective component that outcomes in impressions of torment or bliss involves expectation and desire, excruciating encounters can be alleviated and happy encounters intensified if the individual sees occasions from a good point of view. Accordingly, Causal Attribution hypothesis is likewise valuable for psychotherapists who manage instances of constant uneasiness and melancholy. The procedures figured out how to control levels of torment/happiness can likewise help competitors in overseeing niggling wounds or serious weight while taking an interest in a significant game occasion like the Olympic Games. A couple of other wonders related with Causal Attribution hypothesis are â€Å"The Self-Serving Bias and The Fundamental Attribution Error† (from the Presentation). Fundamental work on these segments was finished by Jones and Harris in 1967 and by Ross and his group in 1977. Jones and Harris considered Fidel Castro’s open picture and the causal components at play. Ross and his group contemplated game shows and found that members â€Å"fail to see the characteristic hindrances in people† (from the Presentation). Daniel Gilbert proposed a prudent step to maintain a strategic distance from Attribution Errors. He suggested against weighing social and situational data simultaneously. The other territory where qualification

I Feel Cool

I Feel Cool As youve probably heard about already, Bill Gates visited campus today! And thanks to the MIT Admissions Office, I got a ticket to see him :) (Thank you, Dave!!) He was scheduled to speak at 11:30 a.m., but the doors to Kresge Auditorium opened half an hour earlier. When I wandered into line at about 10:40 a.m., there were about 20 people ahead of me. Ten minutes later, there were hundreds of people behind me. Apparently, I got there at the right time. (the people in line before me) Our tickets were efficiently scanned, and we were all ushered into the auditorium. Ranjeetha 13 and I managed to snag some pretty awesome seats, just behind the last row of reserved seating. We did, however, throw a few jealous looks at the Gates scholars, who not only got to meet Bill Gates in a smaller, more personal setting but also got to sit directly in front of the stage! Lucky When Bill Gates walked onto stage, there was a flurry of flashing cameras, to which I contributed: (Theyre kinda blurry sorry, guys) After a few minutes, the number of flashes died down, and Bill Gates began to speak. His talk was entitled: Giving Back: Finding the Best Way to Make a Difference, and he focused largely on education, energy, and international development. I actually enjoyed his casual, occasionally stream-of-consciousness, style of speaking and found much of what he said relevant to my life as an MIT student. Changing the world, making other peoples lives better thats why I wanted to come to this school. The last bit of the program was dedicated to QA. Ranjeetha 13 and I had a quick, whispered conversation in the audience: Ranjeetha: Hey, what question did your friend want us to ask him again? Me: What does it feel like to be one of the richest people in the world? Im way too scared to ask him that. Ranjeetha: Ill ask him! Me: Wait, seriously? Ranjeetha: Yeah! Me: Go for it! Ranjeetha left her seat and got in line to ask her question. When it was her turn, she went up to the microphone, introduced herself, first asked a legitimately academic question, and then So Im curioushow does being such a rich person affect your life? To which Bill Gates responded, in complete seriousness, that after a few million dollars, it didnt quite matter so much and that McDonalds burgers were as good as anything. He did admit that air travel was better, though (private jets tend to be that way :D) Meanwhile, Im sitting in my seat simultaneously impressed and shocked by what Ranjeetha just did. As soon as we left Kresge, I managed to rein in my excitement long enough to get a brief video interview with her: If you end up reading any articles on Bill Gatess visit to MIT today, shell be the freshman or the bold student. Just FYI ;)

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Critical Reading Reflection - 1081 Words

Through the course of American Literature, my limited writing, critical reading, and discussion skills have developed. As I am challenged in all the previous sections mentioned I, am forced to further my skills in order to acquire decent grades. The rigorous nature of this class has pushed my comfort zone as has caused a positive shift in both of my critical reading skills and my writing. Consequently, this push has made me more, but not entirely, comfortable with a burdensome English based course. The visible growth in annotation is severe; I have drastically improved both the content and the amount of annotations made when critically reading. Withal, the content of my annotations has made a shift from metacognitive to critical. Now†¦show more content†¦An occasional thematic or plot based analysis was written every couple of pages. Furthermore, annotating felt unnatural to me and seemed to restrict the pre-existing enjoyment of reading that I had. And while I have not made a complete deviation from my previous mindset, I am slowly seeing results as my understanding of texts increases even as the difficulty of the text increases. Improvements in critical reading correlate directly with my understanding of the annotated text. In one of the first critical reading assignments that embodies many of my early annotations, the Origin Stories of the Native Americans, my annotations are lacking in all categories. They were almost entirely metacognitive and the critical annotations were short and incoherent, requiring a quick reread of the excerpt to understand the annotation completely. Phrases such as ...happy image..., ...loss of culture... and ...origin story... were found frequently scattered across the pages of the packet. These low level annotations are representative of the the quality that I was used to. The annotations listed are not unlike the others found within the packet, and in addition to being recurrent they are shallow and contain little to no insight on the text. The annotations are not displaying much more than the fact that I am literate. As IShow MoreRelatedCritical Reading Reflection on the Alchemist Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe Alchemist is a story about a shepherd from Spain named Santiago whose parents have him attending a seminary to become priest and while he was there was taught to read. Santiago could be considered an educated person and achieve a much higher status than Shepard. Instead, he chose to become a Shepard since they travelled around the country side while grazing their flocks of sheep. 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Fahrenheit 451 Part 1 Responses Free Essays

Fahrenheit 451 Part 1 Responses 1. The significance of Montag seeing his reflection in Clarisse’s eyes is that it shows that Clarisse is different. She is special. We will write a custom essay sample on Fahrenheit 451 Part 1 Responses or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this dystopia that Ray Bradbury has made, Clarisse is the one unique part of the society, the â€Å"flaw. † 2. In the childhood memory that Clarisse caused Montag to recall, Montag was a child and the power went out in his house. Montag’s mother had lit a candle. He found an â€Å"hour of rediscovery, of such illumination that space lost its vast dimensions and drew comfortably around them,† and both mother and son transformed, hoping that the power doesn’t come back on. . The two mannerisms, of Montag, that Clarisse pointed out were that Montag laughs at the things she says, regardless of if they’re funny or not, and that he doesn’t take a few minutes or some amount of time to think before answering her questions. 4. The Mclellans were looked at as peculiar because they would do things such as leave all the lights open in their house, stay up, and talk with eachother. Clarisse’s uncle would often get jailed for doing something â⠂¬Å"wrong† and against the law. 5. Clarisse asks Montag, â€Å"Are you happy? † and this is significant because this question loops in Montag’s head for the rest of the book. This question sparks this so-called â€Å"revolution† in Montag’s head. 6. The extended metaphor that describes Clarisse through Montag’s eyes when he went inside his home was, â€Å"She had a very thin face like the dial of a small clock seen faintly in a dark room in the middle of a night when you waken to see the time and see the clock telling you the hour and the minute and the second, with a white silence and a glowing, all certainty and knowing what it has to tell of the night passing swiftly on toward further darknesses but moving also toward a new sun. † 7. Clarisse  is inquisitive and thoughtful, and, at first, seems to irritate Montag because she challenges his beliefs with her questioning. In a society where reading, driving slowly, and walking outside are outlawed a conversation is rare, Clarisse’s love for nature and curiosity of people is extremely peculiar. She is forced to go to a psychiatrist for behaviors like hiking and thinking independently. Her family, and especially her uncle, is behind all of this. At night, the McClellan house’s lights are on contrasting with the surrounding area’s silence and darkness. Montag accuses Clarisse of thinking too much. In the end, Clarisse opens Montag’s eyes, and recognizes that he is different from everyone else. Before they met, Montag was full of fascination with only of the fire. Montag’s feels fascinated by Clarisse, yet he also feels pressured. Clarisse takes Montag’s â€Å"mask of happiness†, and forces him to confront the deeper reality of the situation. She is like a reflection of himself. He feels that she is connected to him in some way, as if she had been waiting for him, around the corner. As Montag looks back on his meeting with her, the encounter seems more and more important and significant. 8. The bedroom is shared by Montag and his wife, Mildred. It is cold and the opposite of homey. The significance is that Montag refers to  the room  as â€Å"empty†, and then says that it is not physically empty because Mildred is laying there, but feels empty, characterizing Mildred. 9. Clarisse McClellan is a beautiful and â€Å"crazy† seventeen-year-old who introduces Montag to the world’s potential with her innocence and curiosity. She is out-casted from society because of her peculiar habits, which include hiking and asking questions, but she and her family seem happy with themselves and each other. 10. Clarisse says Montag is different from other firemen in that he stops for her and is willing to have a conversation with her. Most firemen tend to just walk away and let her babble on to herself, but Montag seems interested in the things that Clarisse says. 11. The mechanical hound is a man-made monster. It is a â€Å"hollow† enforcer that kills things that it is programmed to. It either kills or disables its â€Å"target†. Physically, the hound has eight-legs. A needle from its nose stuns, paralyzes, wounds, poisons, and/or kills its victim. 12. Antisocial: unwilling or unable to associate in a normal or friendly way with other people, but, in the case of this novel, antisocial means someone who is odd, peculiar, someone who doesn’t follow the â€Å"rules† of society. This term is used for Clarisse. 13. Clarrise says that people don’t talk anymore. If they do talk, it is about something superficial that have no real meaning or anything of that sort behind them. 4. Montag asks if burning books had always been a fireman’s role in the society. The other firemen are shocked the question. This question offends their comfortable belief system, and Montag is dismissed as someone who is misinformed, but this is just the beginning of Montag’s â€Å"awakening. † 15. The woman said, â€Å"Play the man, Master Ridley; we shall this day light such a candle, by God’s grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out. † Beatty later explains this to Montag and the others. In 1655 a man named Latimer said this to his fellow Nicholas Ridley before they were burnt alive for heresy. Just like the firemen are ready to burn the books for their beliefs, the woman is ready to burn for her books and beliefs. Montag steals a few books and lays awake all night thinking about the powerful message that the woman had said. 16. Montag feels horrible for the old woman, but, at the same time, he feels jealous of her. She is standing up for what is right, but he hides behind his title. He steals books from her house and hides them to later read. Even though he feels bad for this, he is actually rebelling. 17. Their job is not to put out physical fires, as it should be, but to put out the fire of discontent. As long as people remained â€Å"happy,† everything worked out. â€Å"Intellectuals† became very unpredictable and dangerous people. People who read books and thought for themselves molded ideas against the government. Firemen became the â€Å"guardians of people’s comfort†. They destroy books before people could read and use them to form ideas. These ideas could threaten equality and happiness of the people in society. How to cite Fahrenheit 451 Part 1 Responses, Papers

The purpose of this paper is to introduce Essay Example For Students

The purpose of this paper is to introduce Essay Esperanza faces the death and illness of relatives and the sudden death of strangers who dance with friends. She learns about life as she grows up and leaves the ease of girlhood behind. She learns about the difficulties of life, and that home is in the heart (Cisneros 64), not inside the four walls of the house that disappoints her whole family. As she learns about life, she learns that people listen to her words and they give her power, and she learns to be a writer. Late in the book she experiments with her writing, I put it down on paper and then the ghost does not ache so much (Cisneros 110). We will write a custom essay on The purpose of this paper is to introduce specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Esperanza epitomizes the hopes and fears of many young multi-cultural kids growing up in the inner cities and barrios all over the country. She wants more for herself than her family has, and she wants to grow up to make something of herself. Somehow, she recognizes that writing can be the door to a new life, but more than that, she understands that she loves to write, and she is somehow supposed to share her experiences to help others better themselves. She can be an inspiration to others as she becomes an inspiration to herself and her friends and loved ones. She knows she will come back one day and help others get away from Mango Street so they can make better lives for themselves. By the end of the novel, Esperanza may not be much older, but she has a purpose in life. She has grown up enough to know that writing is more than a tool; it is her ticket to a new life. Critic Eysturoy continues, It is through the process of telling her stories that Esperanza discovers the power of her own creativity, that language is a way of becoming, a way of imagining herself beyond the confinements of the status quo, a way of imagining a different ending to her own [ ] story (Eysturoy 90). Esperanzas journey of self-definition is not only a journey inside herself, and that is one of the great things about this theme. Esperanza watches her neighborhood with a keen eye for detail and discovery, and she learns about what to do and what not to do as she watches the lives of those around her unfold, and sometimes end. She learns not to marry young (like Sally), not to get pregnant, to go to school, and to always strive for something better, such as that house on the hill that she hopes to have someday. Esperanza comes of age in this novel, but she also subtly understands the poverty and oppression of her neighborhood can be overcome by hard work and by education. Esperanza is smart, but she is also driven, and that is a necessary ingredient for success. She learns this too as she observes the people around her. Even her mother tells her I could have been somebody (Cisneros 90), and Esperanza learns that sometimes people do not have the strength to go after their dreams. She does, and she comes to understand her own strength as the novel progresses. She learns about herself because she is open to the experiences of the people around her, and open to change. In conclusion, this story is a rich look at a young woman growing up in a typical American barrio. She has the hopes and dreams of most young girls, and the worries and the displeasures, too. She learns about herself and her world as the novel progresses, and discovers not only herself, but also all the possibilities that are open to her in life. .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d , .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d .postImageUrl , .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d , .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d:hover , .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d:visited , .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d:active { border:0!important; } .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d:active , .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u228e6849a4f64e21dbe1729b78c8cb0d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: First World War Poetry EssayShe learns about her own inner strength and resolve, and knows that whatever she does in life, she can never shake off the roots of Mango Street. Works Cited Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Vintage Contemporaries, 1991. Eysturoy, Annie O. Daughters of Self-Creation: The Contemporary Chicana Novel. 1st ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996. Kevane, Bridget. Latino Literature in America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003.

How did William Byrd understand his role in Virginia society essays

How did William Byrd understand his role in Virginia society essays Byrd was a man active in the political processes of Virginia. From this portion of his diary we learn that he was a statesman and served as a member of the Council of Virginia. Undoubtedly he was a highly educated man, a wealthy man and was extremely religious, and he used this attributes to establish his role in society. Byrds diary reveals that as a political man he was at top of his class. As one reads deeper into his diary, it can be found that he is in constant communication with elite men in his society. Everything from his frequent visits to the President of the Council, to his meetings with the governor of Virginia show that William Byrd felt that we was an elite man in society who was well respected by his class and subordinates. This respect can be seen in several instanced were he was sought after for advice. Many neighbors would come to Byrd to speak of their financial difficulties, ask for advice and in some cases Byrd would give out loans to certain friends in this situation. In terms of Government, William Byrd sat on the Council and held great powers. His role in the Council was that of a basic judge who gave his opinion on many issues from civil disputes to criminal charges as extreme as murder. Later on we begin to learn of his powerful role in the dividing border line between Virginia and Carolina. His powers in government consisted of paying the other Council men and discussing the day to day problems in the community with his fellow Council men. It can also be seen that Byrd is looked to as an elite man with a wide range of skills that are noted by his appointment to the Colonel of several Militias. William felt that he had a great deal of power in society, and to some extent he abused this power that he had. One characteristic in which we abused his power was his view on women in his society and his tendencies towards them. In one case Byrd sexually harassed Mrs. Chriswell, who was...

Introduction to the Human Genome Project

Introduction to the Human Genome Project The set of nucleic acid sequences or genes that form the DNA of an organism is its genome. Essentially, a genome is a molecular blueprint for constructing an organism. The human genome is the genetic code in the DNA of the 23 chromosome pairs of Homo sapiens, plus the DNA found within human mitochondria. Egg and sperm cells contain 23 chromosomes (haploid genome) consisting of around three billion DNA base pairs. Somatic cells (e.g., brain, liver, heart) have 23 chromosome pairs (diploid genome) and around six billion base pairs. About 0.1 percent of the base pairs differ from one person to the next. The human genome is about 96 percent similar to that of a chimpanzee, the species that is the nearest genetic relative. The international scientific research community sought to construct a map of the sequence of the nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA. The United States government started planning the Human Genome Project or HGP in 1984 with a goal to sequence the three billion nucleotides of the haploid genome. A small number of anonymous volunteers  supplied the DNA for the project, so the completed human genome was a mosaic of human DNA and not the genetic sequence of any one person. Human Genome Project History and Timeline While the planning stage started into 1984, the HGP didnt officially launch until 1990. At the time, scientists estimated it would take 15 years to complete the map, but advances in technology led to completion in April of 2003 rather than in 2005. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) provided most of the $3 billion in public funding ($2.7 billion total, due to early completion). Geneticists from all over the world were invited to participate in the Project. In addition to the United States, the international consortium included institutes and universities from the United Kingdom, France, Australia, China, and Germany. Scientists from many other countries also participated. How Gene Sequencing Works To make a map of the human genome, scientists needed to determine the order of the base pair on the DNA of all 23 chromosomes (really, 24, if you consider the sex chromosomes X and Y are different). Each chromosome contained from 50 million to 300 million base pairs, but because the base pairs on a DNA double helix are complementary (i.e., adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine), knowing the composition of one strand of the DNA helix automatically provided information about the complementary strand. In other words, the nature of the molecule simplified the task. While multiple methods were used to determine the code, the main technique employed BAC. BAC stands for bacterial artificial chromosome. To use BAC, human DNA was broken into fragments between 150,000 and 200,000 base pairs in length. The fragments were inserted into bacterial DNA so that when the bacteria reproduced, the human DNA also replicated. This cloning process provided enough DNA to make samples for sequencing. To cover the 3 billion base pairs of the human genome, about 20,000 different BAC clones were made. The BAC clones made what is called a BAC library that contained all the genetic information for a human, but it was like a library in chaos, with no way to tell the order of the books. To fix this, each BAC clone was mapped back to human DNA to find its position in relation to other clones. Next, the BAC clones were cut into smaller fragments about 20,000 base pairs in length for sequencing. These subclones were loaded into a machine called a sequencer. The sequencer prepared 500 to 800 base pairs, which a computer assembled into the correct order to match the BAC clone. As the base pairs were determined, they were made available to the public  online and free to access. Eventually all the pieces of the puzzle were complete and arranged to form a complete genome. Goals of the Human Genome Project The primary goal of the Human Genome Project was to sequence the 3 billion base pairs that make up human DNA. From the sequence, the 20,000 to 25,000 estimated human genes could be identified. However, the genomes of other scientifically significant species were also sequenced as part of the Project, including the genomes of the fruit fly, mouse, yeast, and roundworm. The Project developed new tools and technology for genetic manipulation and sequencing. Public access to the genome assured the entire planet could access the information to spur new discoveries. Why the Human Genome Project Was Important The Human Genome Project formed the first blueprint for a person and  remains the largest collaborative biology project that humanity ever completed. Because the Project sequenced genomes of multiple organisms, scientist could compare them to uncover the functions of genes and to identify which genes are necessary for life. Scientists took the information and techniques from the Project and used them to identify disease genes, devise tests for genetic diseases, and repair damaged genes to prevent problems before they occur. The information is used to predict how a patient will respond to a treatment based on a genetic profile. While the first map took years to complete, advances have led to faster sequencing, allowing scientists to study genetic variation in populations and more quickly determine what specific genes do. The Project also included the development of an Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) program. ELSI became the largest bioethics program in the world and serves as a model for programs that deal with new technologies.

Branding, Pricing and Distribution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Branding, Pricing and Distribution - Assignment Example Based on psychographic variables, BEVRET offers a drink not just to quench thirst but as a lifestyle beverage. Thus the beverage should be promoted as a drink that stirs imagination. The tagline for the brand should be Drink fresh; Live life! Or, we love to see you live! This is meant to attract people who want to really live and not just exist! Brands are sold through feelings and the brand should be able to create an emotional link between the consumer and the brand (Moorthi, 2004). The logo should be trendy and carry the flavor of the new age and be futuristic. It should feature in all points of communication. Since most popular brands in Europe have been selling for a long time, BEVRET should create a point of differentiation in packaging. This differentiation is essential as the product will sit on the shelf with probably ten other products. It should use neon colors in packaging because color is the first touch point with the customer. Color influences emotion and the first poi nt of interaction is shaped by color. About 60-80% of the purchase decision is based on product color (Markowitz, 2010). Neon colors are bright and attract immediate attention. Apart from color, packaging should also focus on the container in which beer is sold. If the container can be made of a material that can be used to drink beer as well, small package containing one serving of beer, it would serve multi-purpose, benefit the customer, benefit the environment and also be cost-effective for the company. To enhance branding, BEVRET should have strong activity on the social media. Europeans are sport lovers and hence sponsorship of sports can enhance brand value. In addition, as the social media is the most popular promotional tool, BEVRET should invite online discussions on short documentaries created on sports personalities. Its tagline and logo should be included in all its mails that go viral. The tagline should become the point of identification for the brand. In addition, the brand should associate with leading restaurants and pubs, and participate in events such as Valentine’s Day. Promotion material can take the form of messages made viral through the social media. The events should be promoted through the social media and special beer offers should be made for those purchasing coupons through the social media. Promotional brochures should also be placed at all convenience stores, at the local gyms, pubs and social clubs. These brochures can carry limited validity coupons as a market entry strategy, offering discounts. Initially for the first few months, the company can distribute free t-shirts with BEVRET logo and tagline with a certain amount of purchases. Pricing Pricing decision includes profit margins, discounts, margin for retailers and wholesalers. It also has to be based on product demand and competitor pricing. Competition is high and the beer market is concentrated and hence the pricing has to consider competition pricing. When the br and value increases, pricing can be increased but initially to capture a sizeable market, pricing should be kept low. At the same time, discounts can be offered in markets closer to breweries as the transportation costs would be low or negligible. Within Europe beer prices differ across regions and countries. The variation in prices can be considerable and these variations occur because of cost variations as well as the ability of the brewers to price discriminate (EconomicsOnline, 2011). If certain necessary conditions are

TERRORIST USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS Research Paper

TERRORIST USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS - Research Paper Example Terrorist activities are least likely to take place in high altitude areas since in most cases; these are areas that are always heavily militarized. Nuclear weapons are known to be the most dangerous of all weapons manufactured and utilized for military purposes (O’Neil, 2003). Terrorists are known to be using various weapons ranging from chemical to biological in carrying out their activities. Though they have not been using nuclear weapons, there has been a major concern over the use of nuclear tactic by terrorists in carrying out their activities. This paper will examine the possibility of terrorists using nuclear weapons and measures that countries can initiate to deter this menace from happening. Currently, countries cannot afford to ignore the rise of a new type of terrorism operating cross different countries and boundaries. These terrorist activities have their main aim as inflicting mass casualties and destruction. This move was illustrated by bombing of America’s pentagon House that took place on 11th September, 2001. Many people died, others sustained serious injuries and properties worth billions of dollars were destroyed. This is a clear indication that terrorist attacks using extremely dangerous weapons will remain a realistic prospect now and even in the future (O’Neil, 2003). The prospect of terror groups acquiring nuclear weapons has haunted the world at large for quite a long time now. Nuclear weapons could be made to yield a magnitude and effect of many kilotons and those weapons can be made small enough to increase their portability. There are various ways through which terrorist organizations can acquire nuclear weapons. They are the most powerful of all weapons used by terrorists in terms of their destruction. How easy are nuclear weapons to acquire? This is one question that one should have in mind. Nuclear weapons are attractive to terrorists due to their effects of

Planet Cyborg Essay -- Technology Science Medicine

Planet Cyborg Since the beginning of civilization, the concept of a super-human has fascinated our species. Whether imagined as a semi-god, super-hero, or monster, the vision of some superior yet human-like being never seems to die out through time. An equal, if not more of a plausibility than artificial intelligence is the emergence of a sub-species of humans enhanced with artificial or computerized limbs, organs, and capabilities. Fundamentally, however, an increase in cyborg technology will alter our conception of intellgence just as much as the achievement of A.I. The term cyborg originated in 1960 as a combination of â€Å"cybernetic† and â€Å"organism,† coined by NASA scientist Manfred Clynes as he envisioned the modification of humans to be more space-compatible.[1] Since then, the term has been tossed around from the media to science-fiction authors as a general reference toward human-machine integrations. As alien as these concepts still seem, a great deal of cybernetic technology has undergone implementation in today’s society—beginning with the basic bionic building blocks of artificial limbs and organs. The earliest reports of attempts at life-like prosthetics come from 1504, with an account of a clumsy but functional iron hand with flexible joints.[2] Modern bionic limbs are not a far cry from the naturalness of the artificial hand that wowed the audiences of Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back over two decades ago. With today’s technology, prosthetics are more than mere stand-ins for limbs and organs, but can, through complex wiring systems, undertake the actual functions of the missing parts by responding to electro-chemical signals sent from the brain. The Dobelle Instit... ...eck Muscle.†Chemistry and Industry (20 May 2002): 7. Gray, Chris Hables. Cyborg Citizen: Politics in the Posthuman Age. New York: Routledge, 2001. â€Å"Historical Highlights in Bionics and Related Medicine.† Science, 295 (8 February 2002): 1003. Towner, Natalie. â€Å"Cyborg.† Computer Weekly (29 August 2002): 31. Expanded Academic ASAP. Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT. Accessed 10 November 2002. Underhill, William. â€Å"Merging Man and Machine.† Newsweek (14 October 2002): 38Z. University of Reading Department of Cybernetics. â€Å"Professor Kevin Warwick.† Available from http://www.cyber.rdg.ac.uk/people/K.Warwick.htm. Accessed 10 November 2002. Vogel, Gretchen. â€Å"Part Man, Part Computer: Researcher Tests the Limits.† Science, 295 (8 February 2002): 1020. Warwick, Kevin. â€Å"Budding Cyborg.† New Scientist, 173 (30 March 2002): 19.

My thoughts and reflections Essay

Sustainability I hadn’t considered the inter-plays that exist between the social, environmental and economic aspects of sustainability, I subscribe to the three pillars of sustainability (figure 1), that is each has an impact but they are independent of each other. Figure 1: Three pillars of sustainability Source: Wallis, A. M., Graymore, M. L. M., & Richards, A. J. (2011) p.596. Class discussions and research enabled me to see the interactions between these pillars and I started to contemplate sustainability more as an interactive process aligned with the three spheres of sustainability (figure 2) which I interpret as being of equal importance and that is you connect them all you will achieve sustainability. Figure 2: Three spheres of sustainability Source: Wallis, A. M., Graymore, M. L. M., & Richards, A. J. (2011) p.596. My ecological footprint gave me personal insights into my impact on the environment. I reflected on what I could do to reduce my footprint; an all-electric house, job with extensive car travel and I am a meat eater. What future was I leaving my children and what could I change? I could reduce my consumption of red meat, saving a planet, however the economic and social impact on our farmers for me outweighs the impact on the planet after all that is their livelihood. I can reduce my energy usage by turning appliances off at home and work and I can use technology for meetings to reduce my travel imprint. I watched a number of documentaries on natural disasters and asked myself why we have done nothing to prevent these and what have we learnt. I reflected  on the impact of the recent drought throughout Victoria. Ballarat almost ran out of potable water, our lake ran dry and tourism was in decline. This environmental event was impacting on our economy and the social impact was and is still being felt today. Human behavior changed, current water demand remains at levels of the 1930’s therefore I’ve concluded that humans need a crisis in order to change behaviour for the good of the environment. But have we really learnt from this, the drought of the 1930’s suggest not, evidence was there that we over used the land having a significant impact socially, economically and environmentally but yet natural disasters droughts still occur due to inadequate consideration of all aspects of sustainability. Worldviews and values A light bulb moment – I hadn’t considered sustainability worldviews. Was I more inclined to lean towards the atomistic (individual-centred) view or the holistic (earth-centred) view? On reflection I think for me it is both, unless you hold strong beliefs one way or the other I believe we hover in between; we all interpret data differently based on our starting assumptions and values and are less likely to change our worldview. In particular I reflected on Indigenous Australians who hold to a traditional value, the land is sacred to them; by holding this view they have a positive impact on the environment; they only take what they need, they give back and believe in the spirit of the land. They didn’t need politicians to develop policies and legislation to make them reduce their carbon emissions or to look after the land. I am faced with the dilemma of how we as a nation can make a difference; it appears that I have more questions than I have answers. Sustainability phases Most organisations are slow adapters to change and usually do so as a result of compliance activities being enforced upon them due to new or reformed legislation, a good example of this is OH&S legislation in Australia. Are we doing enough through education to ensure the next generation of leaders will consider sustainability more than a buzz word? We have created a throwaway  society, landfill is becoming scarce and yet our propensity to have the latest gadget is not decreasing, locally, nationally and internationally we need to look at ways in which we can recycle or reuse the materials on a large scale that has a positive impact on the planet. Another light bulb moment came when we researched companies that we believe are sustainable and consider what phase of sustainability they are in. We looked at Acciona Energy and concluded that they are in sustaining corporation phase as they are paving the way in sustainability. Not all would agree as there are people in Ballarat who are opposed to wind farms and their worldviews are strong in the belief the turbines are more harmful to your health and nothing will persuade them otherwise. This re-emphasises that our assumptions and values in many ways holds much stronger than any evidence that may be presented to us that may refute our views. My journey I have discussed and debated the values I hold and how by changing one small thing we can make a difference to our ecological footprint. If everyone made one small change in their lifestyle it may grow into something that will impact positively on the planet; e.g. Earth hour which started as a national event and is now a global phenomenon. I’ve planted a vegetable garden, my meat consumption has decreased and I actively shop for locally produced vegetables and fruit. I have moved my thinking to that of the ‘bullseye’ model (figure 3) which â€Å"shows that the human system, which is broken up into social and economic systems, must stay within the capacity of the social system to be sustainable.† (Wallis, A. M., Graymore, M. L. M., & Richards, A. J. 2011. p.597) Figure 3: Bullseye model Source: Wallis, A. M., Graymore, M. L. M., & Richards, A. J. (2011) p.598. I have contemplated how we move sustainability from a buzz word without introducing legislation which may not change people’s worldview. I work in the not-for-profit sector we are at the compliance phase of sustainability,  we can move to the efficiency phase by building the capacity of our community leaders; raising their awareness of sustainability, allowing them to experience the impact of their decisions and making a change that positively impacts the environment. I have seen sustainable behavioural change occur; such as water demand, if the reason for change is compelling but we have to recognise that change is a journey and for each of us we have to subscribe to the view that we want to change. Bibliography Wallis, A. M., Graymore, M. L. M., & Richards, A. J. (2011) Significance of environment in the assessment of sustainable development: The case for south west victoria. Ecological Economics, 70(4), 595-605.

Life Defined by a Single Moment in Scarlet Letter, Red...

A Life Defined by a Single Moment in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, Stephen Cranes Red Badge of Courage, and Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment Life can be changed by a decision made during a single moment. Despite the natural gifts of courage or intelligence of a person, a single mistake can isolate him from the rest of society. In one case this can be cause by public conception. The public believes that this person is morally inferior and singles out that person for ridicule. However, it can also be self-imposed isolation. Either way, that person cannot rejoin his society until he has redeemed himself. In Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, both kinds of moral isolation are examined. Hester Prynne is placed in the publics scorn†¦show more content†¦As a result, a mark that resembles an A appears on his chest as a symbol of his guilt, and while Hester grows stronger because of her redemptive acts, Dimmesdale grows weaker because he has believed all of his life that confession is the only relief from guilt. He tries to rationalize his omission to his congregation by telling himself that he will serve the people better as a preacher, but he is an intelligent man and cannot convince himself of a lie. After seven years of physical and mental depreciation, he can only find redemption by joining Hester on the scaffold and revealing his own scarlet letter. For Hester and Dimmesdales one lapse in judgment and self control, their lives were completely changed. Henry in The Red Badge of Courage is an example of a person whose life is changed due to a brief moment of cowardice. Though his original intention was to join the army and to become a hero, when he is first confronted with a real battle, he runs. Once he regains his senses, he is terribly ashamed and does his best not to reveal his momentary desertion to the other soldiers. His relief comes from what he believes to be a heroic deed. When he goes into battle again, instead of running, he settles into a rhythm of loading and firing his gun until the enemy had retreated and his own army had stopped shooting. Though this reaction stems from the same fear that caused him to run, Henry